Oslo

Presentation References & Links

You can download all the presentation slides here (pdf format)

Slide 5 – The Obesity Epidemic in the UK1

Slide 6 – The Obesity Epidemic in the US2

Slide 7 – What happened c. 19803-6

Slide 8 – What happened c. 19806, 7

Slide 9 – Why did we change dietary advice?8-11

Slide 10 – Why did we change dietary advice?12

Slide 11 – Why did we change dietary advice?9, 13-16

Slide 12 – The case against fat17-22

Slide 14 – The case against fat6, 23, 24

Slide 15 – What did we change to?[i]

Slide 16 – What are we eating?

–           1,556 processed food calories25[ii]

–           Flour consumption[iii]

–           Sugar consumption[iv]

–           Foods that have gone down and up26

Slide 17 – The 192 countries study[v]

Slide 21 – Saturated fat & CVD in Europe27

Slides 25-28 – USDA Database[vi]

Slide 30 – Obstacles to change28, 29

Slide 31 – American Dietitians conflicts30

Slide 32 – British Nutrition Foundation31

Slide 33 – Nordic Congress for Dietitians32

References

  1. Michael Wadsworth, Diana Kuh, Marcus Richards, Hardy. R. Cohort Profile: The 1946 National Birth Cohort (MRC National Survey of Health and Development). Int J Epidemiol 2006; 35: 49-54.
  2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Health United States. In: Prevention CfDCa, editor.; 2006. p. 559.
  3. Carter J.P. Eating in America; Dietary Goals for the United States; Report of the Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs US Senate. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press 1977.
  4. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agriculture USDA. Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Washington: U.S. Government printing office; 1980.
  5. National Advisory Committee on Nutritional Education (NACNE). A discussion paper on proposals for nutritional guidelines for health education in Britain. 1983.
  6. Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy (COMA). Diet and cardiovascular disease: Report of the panel on diet in relation to cardiovascular disease. 1984.
  7. Tanner TH. The Practice of Medicine. Philadelphia: Lindsay & Blakiston; 1869.
  8. Anitschkow N. Über die Veränderungen der Kaninchenaorta bei experimenteller Cholesterinsteatose. Beitr Pathol Anat 1913; 56: 379-404.
  9. Keys A. Coronary heart disease in seven countries I. The study program and objectives. Circulation 1970; 41(I-1-I-8).
  10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Table 26. Leading causes of death and numbers of deaths, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin: United States, 1980 and 2007,. In: National Center for Health Statistics, editor.; 2011.
  11. Keys A, Anderson JT, Mickelsen O, Adelson SF, Fidanza F. Diet and Serum Cholesterol in Man: Lack of Effect of Dietary Cholesterol. The Journal of Nutrition 1956; 59(1): 39-56.
  12. Keys A, Anderson JT. The relationship of the diet to the development of atherosclerosis in man. In: National Research Council DoMS, ed. Symposium on atherosclerosis. Washington; 1955: 181-96.
  13. Keys A. Coronary heart disease in seven countries Summary. Circulation 1970; 41(I-186-I-195).
  14. Menotti A, Keys A, Kromhout D, et al. Inter-cohort differences in coronary heart disease mortality in the 25-year follow-up of the seven countries study. European journal of epidemiology 1993; 9(5): 527-36.
  15. Yerushalmy J, Hilleboe HE. Fat in the diet and mortality from heart disease; a methodologic note. N Y State J Med 1957; 57(14): 2343-54.
  16. Scragg R. Seasonality of cardiovascular disease mortality and the possible protective effect of ultra-violet radiation. Int J Epidemiol 1981; 10(4): 337-41.
  17. Rose GA, Thomson WB, Williams RT. Corn Oil in Treatment of Ischaemic Heart Disease. BMJ 1965; 1(5449): 1531-3.
  18. Research Committee. Low-fat diet in myocardial infarction: A controlled trial. The Lancet 1965; 2(7411): 501-4.
  19. Medical Research Council. Controlled trial of soya-bean oil in myocardial infarction: Report of a research committee to the Medical Research Council. The Lancet 1968; 292(7570): 693-700.
  20. Dayton S, Pearce ML, Hashomoto S, Dixon WJ, Tomiyasu U. A Controlled Clinical Trial of a Diet High in Unsaturated Fat in Preventing Complications of Atherosclerosis. Circulation 1969; 40(1S2): II-1-II-63.
  21. Leren P. The Oslo Diet-Heart Study. Circulation 1970; 42: 935-42.
  22. Woodhill JM, Palmer AJ, Leelarthaepin B, McGilchrist C, Blacket RB. Low fat, low cholesterol diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 1978; 109: 317-30.
  23. Truswell AS. Review of dietary intervention studies: effect on coronary events and on total mortality. Aust N Z J Med 1994; 24(1): 98-106.
  24. Food Standards Agency. Letter to Zoë Harcombe. September 25, 2009.
  25. A National Statistics Publication. The Family Food Survey. In: DEFRA, editor.: The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs; 2012.
  26. Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries & Food. National Food Survey: Household Food Consumption Great Britain,. 1974-2000.
  27. Allender S, Scarborough P, Peto V, Rayner M. European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics: British Heart Foundation Health Promotion Research Group, 2008.
  28. PepsiCo. Annual Report, 2013.
  29. International Monetary Fund. Report for Selected Countries and Subjects. World Economic Outlook., 2014.
  30. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Annual Report, 2012.
  31. British Nutrition Foundation. Annual Report, 2013-14.
  32. Nordic Dietetic Association. Nordic Congress for Dietitians. 2006; Grand Hotel, Reykjavik, Iceland; 2006.

Links

[i] http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Goodfood/Pages/eatwell-plate.aspx

[ii] https://www.zoeharcombe.com/2014/03/what-the-uk-eats/

[iii] http://theobesityepidemic.org/TOE-ScreenGrabs-Downloads/121-2010-07-24-fabflour.png

[iv] http://www.mah.se/CAPP/Globalsugar/Risk-Factors/Sugar-Global-Data/Global-Sugar-Consumption/Sugar-Consumption-EURO/

[v] https://www.zoeharcombe.com/2010/11/cholesterol-heart-disease-there-is-a-relationship-but-its-not-what-you-think/

[vi] http://nutritiondata.self.com/