LCD19

Low Carb Denver 2019

References

Slide 6

First quotation: The Panel on Macronutrients. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients): The National Academies Press, 2005:1357.

Second quotation: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2015 – 2020. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 8th edition. (p91).

Slide 8

Sylvester Graham. Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz (Ed.), Attitudes toward Sex in Antebellum America, 2006, See specific pages 15 and 72.

Ellen G. White. Counsels on Diet and Foods.

Belinda Fettke’s summary post: Lifestyle Medicine … where did the meat go?

Cummings & Engineer. Denis Burkitt and the origins of the dietary fibre hypothesis. Nutr Res Rev. 2018.

Jim E. Banta et al. The Global Influence of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church on Diet. Religions. 2018.

Willett W, Rockström J, Loken B, et al. Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. The Lancet. 2019.

Slide 9

Carter J.P. Eating in America; Dietary Goals for the United States; Report of the Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs US Senate. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press 1977.

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Dietary Guidelines for Americans. In: Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), ed., 2000.

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Dietary Guidelines for Americans. In: Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), ed., 2005.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2015 – 2020 The Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 8th Edition. (p97).

Clemens et al. Filling America’s Fiber Intake Gap: Summary of a Roundtable to Probe Realistic Solutions with a Focus on Grain-Based Foods. The Journal of Nutrition. 2012.

Slide 10

Zoë Harcombe blog. January 2019: Does low carb mean low fiber?

The Guardian newspaper. January 2019. How to get your daily 30g of fibre.

Slide 12

Burr ML, Fehily AM, Gilbert JF, et al. Effects of changes in fat, fish, and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction: diet and reinfarction trial (DART). The Lancet 1989.

Slide 13

Hartley et al. Dietary fibre for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. (2016).

Kelly et al. Whole grain cereals for the primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. (2017).

Priebe et al. Whole grain foods for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. (2008).

Slide 14

Maggi S, Veronese N, Stubbs B, et al. Dietary fiber and health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The American journal of clinical nutrition 2018.

Zoë Harcombe blog. October 2018: Fiber: an umbrella review.

Slide 15

Zoë Harcombe blog. September 2016: The Bradford Hill Criteria.

Zoë Harcombe blog. January 2019. Why do studies conclude that fiber is associated with better health?

Yang was key in the Maggi/Veronese umbrella review: Maggi S, Veronese N, Stubbs B, et al. Dietary fiber and health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The American journal of clinical nutrition 2018.

Yang et al. Association between dietary fiber and lower risk of all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Am J Epidemiol 2015.

Xu was key in Reynolds. Reynolds A, Mann J, Cummings J, et al. Carbohydrate quality and human health: a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The Lancet 2019.

Xu et al. Ready-to-Eat Cereal Consumption with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality: Prospective Analysis of 367,442 Individuals. J Am Coll Nutr. 2016.

Slide 16

Zoë Harcombe blog. January 2019. Why do studies conclude that fiber is associated with better health?

Zoë Harcombe blog. January 2019. Does low carb mean low fiber?

The Guardian newspaper. January 2019. Blow to low carb diets.

Slide 17

Zoë Harcombe blog. January 2019. Why do studies conclude that fiber is associated with better health?

Zoë Harcombe blog. January 2019. Does low carb mean low fiber?

Zoë Harcombe blog. May 2015. Food Groups.

Slide 20

Claimed mechanisms come from the Umbrella review: Maggi S, Veronese N, Stubbs B, et al. Dietary fiber and health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The American journal of clinical nutrition 2018…

and from: Aune et al. Whole grain consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all cause and cause specific mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMJ. 2016.

Testing psyllium fiber: North et al. The effects of dietary fibre on C-reactive protein, an inflammation marker predicting cardiovascular disease. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009.

Slide 21

Alexis B. Dunn et al. The Maternal Infant Microbiome: Considerations for Labor and Birth. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2017.

Rautava et al. Microbial contact during pregnancy, intestinal colonization and human disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012.

J Tomlin et al. Investigation of normal flatus production in healthy volunteers. BMJ Gut. 1991.

Refs added following conversations after the presentation:

Valdes et al. Role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health. BMJ. 2018.

Tim Spector son experiment.

Slide 22

Protein being a fairly constant 15%:

Gordon Wardlaw, Smith. A. Contemporary Nutrition. Seventh edition ed: McGraw Hill; 2009 10 February 2008.

Dehghan M, Mente A, Zhang X, Swaminathan S, Li W, Mohan V, et al. Associations of fats and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 18 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study. The Lancet. 2017.

Carter J.P. Eating in America; Dietary Goals for the United States; Report of the Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs US Senate. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press 1977.